In surveying, tape correction s refer s to correcting measurements for the effect of slope angle, expansion or contraction due to temperature, and the tape s sag, which varies with the applied tension. Tape a stylon tape is made of plasticcoated steel, giving both stability and durability. Sep 09, 2016 demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. The principle of chain surveying is to provide a skeleton framework of straight lines, which can be plotted to scale if the lengths of these lines are predetermined either with a chain or a surveying tape. In this method, the lengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured by offsets and ties from these lines. This is the simple method of taking the linear measurement using a chain or tape with no angular measurements made. Chain or tape, arrows, pegs, ranging rods, offset rods, laths or whites, plumb bob, cross staff and mallet. Tape corrections in chain surveying the constructor. Duties of the follower and leader during chain surveying. Viewer has to keep in mind that this video only shows the basics of chain surveying observation in field, it also.
Survey of an area by chain surveyclosed traverse in this post, i am going to discuss about to survey an open field by chain surveying in order to calculate the area of the open field. Chain survey surveying is a very old method of surveying. Not correcting for these effects gives rise to systematic errors, i. Aug 17, 2010 the measurement of distance with the help of chain or tape is known as chaining. By v ranjith kumar asst professor 12172017 surveying and levelling 1 12172017 surveying and levelling 2 chapter 2 measurement of distances chain surveying. After participating in this fieldwork students will become more comfortable with handling chain and ranging rods. Advantages and disadvantages of chains in surveying advantages of chains in surveying. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and. Topographic surveying chain and tape survey introduction. A survey was conducted with a 20 m chain and plan of the field was drawn to a scale of 1 cm 5 m.
To survey an area by chain survey across obstacles and to calculate the obstructed lengths by using different methods. Overview of plane surveying chain, compass and plane table, objectives, principles, and classifications. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and. Instruments used in chain survey chain used for surveying. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and sometime cross staff. Chain surveying is not suitable for large areas having many. For example measuring rods can be replaced with measuring tape. The length of the traverse legs are measured by chain tape or by stadia method. It was designed and introduced in 1620 by english clergyman and mathematician edmund gunter 15811626. As a triangles is the only simple plane of geometrical figure which can be plotted from the lengths of the three sides even if the angels are not known. A metallic tape is made of varnished strip of waterproof line interwoven with small brass.
If the length of chain was perfectly correct while starting measurement, what is the true length of the line measured. Offsets to corner points b, c, e and f are now laid from the chain line ad either by tape or crossstaff and their foot of offsets are g, i, j, h respectively. What are the instruments required for a chain survey. Tools and equipments required include chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and, sometimes, a cross staff. Gunters chain also known as gunters measurement is a distance measuring device used for surveying. Compass surveying is used in following circumstances. The chain surveying performed by a tape is expected to have some errors due to incorrect tape measurements. In this type of surveying, survey stations main stations, tie or subsidiary stations shall be specified carefully otherwise the outcome of the surveying process may not be accurate. The elements of surveying and geodesy survivor library. Surveyor swings the tape on chain line and selects the point on chain where offset distance is the least fig. Setting out a chain line as part of a chain and offset survey to carry out, for example, detail mapping.
Aug 20, 2017 principal of chain surveying the principal of chain surveying is to divide the area into a number of triangles of suitable sides. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil engineering. Dec 30, 2017 compass surveying is the branch of surveying in which the position of an object is located using angular measurements determined by a compass and linear measurements using a chain or tape. Surveying lecture notes pdf difference between dumpy level and auto level. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as. Tape to a construction person generally means the 25 foot measuring device they clip on their belts. Topographic surveying 31920 department of geography and environment md. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such.
Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing. What are the advantages and disadvantages of chain surveying. However the term chaining is still used for measuring distance either by tape or chain. Jun 16, 2015 chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. Instruments used in chain survey chain, 20m or 30m long tape arrows ranging rods wooden or iron pegs plumb bob cross staff chain used for surveying 20m chain 100 links 30m chain 150 links 1 links 20cm links of chain are made by mild steel wire 4mm diameter.
Chain survey is simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. However the term chaining should be used for the distance measured with the help of chain, the term taping should be used when measuring distance with the help of tape. In chain surveying the sides of the triangles are measured directly on the field by chain or tape, and no angular measurements are taken. Chain tape surveying is the simplest form of detail surveying. This means that the area to be surveyed is divided into a number of small triangles which should be well conditioned. Principle of chain surveying, surveying and levelling. During measurements, it is impossible to set out all the chain lines in a straightforward method. Because of its ease of use, it is used during reconnaissance survey as a quick method of surveying to get a rough idea in the location to be surveyed. Fore bearings and back bearings between the traverse leg are measured theodolite traversing. Chain surveying requires chain, tape and ranging rods. Horizontal angles between the traverse legs are measured. Here horizontal angular measurements are made using magnetic compass with the linear measurements made using the chain or tape.
This article includes the definition of chain survey along with all detailed information with necessary images about various aspects of chain surveying. In chain surveying the sides of the triangles which should be well conditioned. Chain means a 100 foot measuring device that is used for surveying control measurement. It measures a series of straight lines on the ground with a chain or tape measure and all fixed points relative to the line of traverse either by right angles offsets or tie lines.
Examples of usage measuring distances for a variety of survey purposes, such as the length of a base line between two survey stations. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. This means that the area to be surveyed is divided into a n umber of small triangles which should be well conditioned. With two or more groups, one group can do the surveying while the others observe. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. It enabled plots of land to be accurately surveyed and plotted, for legal and commercial purposes. Describe the difference between a tape and a chain. Generally used when high accuracy is not required ii compass surveying horizontal angles are measured with a compass in addition to linear measurements with a chain or tape.
The necessary measure ments on the ground are made with the chain and tape, and the sub. Tapes may have several types of scales and gradations. Basic surveying manual michigan technological university. But for important and precise survey works in construction, accurate tape corrections are provided. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. If the surveying area is large, chain surveying is not adopted for surveying rather compass surveying. The chain surveying is the most commonly used surveying for quick and short measurements. Teacher notes and instructions for chain surveying activity.
In this case ad is the longest and a chain line running from a to d is laid. Types of measuring chains and tapes in civil surveying. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc.
Among the above, metallic tapes are widely used in surveying. After the measurement chain was found to be 80 mm longer. Following are the various types of chain in common use in surveying. Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. In ordinary chaining works, the errors are neglected. The equipment used to conduct chain survey are simple to use, the equipment used in chain survey can easily be replaced. Surveyor swings the tape on chain line and selects the point on the chain. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat.
Equipment used to find the area using chain surveying. Chain surveying is suitable for small areas with few details. It is a system of surveying in which sides of various. Chains or tapes are used to measure distances on the field. If the curve deflects to the right of the directionof the progress of.
First determine if the tape uses metric or english units. Demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. In chain surveying, the sides of the triangles are measured directly on the field by chain or tape, and no angular measurements are taken. Oct 17, 2012 it is the method of land surveying in which only linear measurements are made. Distance of the follower from the starting point is. For less precise works chain is used whereas, for more accurate and precise work other types of surveys are used. Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. The most common surveying tape will have gradations in feet and hundredths of a foot. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil. Tallies are fixed at every fivemeter length and brass rings are provided at every meter length except where tallies are attached. Amongst the various methods of surveying, the commonly used method is called chain surveying.
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